The Harsh Reality of Russian Military Deserters
Over the past year and a half, I traveled across eight countries spanning four continents, immersing myself in the stories of 18 Russian military deserters for my investigative piece, “The Deserter.” Through their narratives, I gained an insightful and vivid understanding of the chaotic and brutal nature of Russia’s war operations. These individuals not only revealed the grim realities of combat but also shared their personal journeys that led them to enlist and ultimately to make the dangerous decision to flee. Central to my story are Ivan and Anna, names I have chosen to protect their identities.
For Ivan, a young man from a small town, joining the military represented a path of honor and valor. It promised adventure, the noble defense of his homeland, and a sense of brotherhood. However, the stark reality he faced was a far cry from his expectations. Here’s what we can glean about the Russian military and its soldiers from Ivan and Anna’s experiences, along with insights from military analysts, additional deserters, and human rights organizations.
Realization of War: The Turning Point
Initially, many soldiers were oblivious to the impending war. Approximately 200,000 Russian service members were positioned at the Ukrainian border for weeks prior to the 2022 invasion, under the guise of military exercises. They were equipped with weapons, medical supplies, and tactical gear, yet were led to believe they were merely participating in drills.
As the invasion unfolded, harrowing stories began to seep back home from the front lines, and the flow of volunteers started to dwindle. In response, Russian authorities launched an aggressive enlistment campaign, touting that those who participated in the so-called special military operation (S.V.O.) would be recognized as veterans under Russian law, thus entitled to a myriad of lucrative long-term benefits. Recruiters enticed potential soldiers with promises of cash bonuses for acts of valor.
Meanwhile, officers faced immense pressure to deploy, often subjected to public humiliation and threats of violence. Once they crossed into the combat zone, the stakes became even higher; refusing orders came with severe consequences. Rumors circulated about various forms of punishment, including being held captive in dark pits or basements for those who dared to disobey. At Ivan’s base, there was a grim “Wall of Shame,” displaying the photographs of those who had been punished for their insubordination.
